Source: Jiasheng Optoelectronics
In response to the global problem of climate warming, as early as 2020, China put forward the goal of "striving to reach the peak of carbon dioxide emissions by 2030, and striving to achieve carbon neutrality by 2060".
As one of the main sources of carbon emissions in China, zero carbon buildings are one of the important ways to achieve the dual carbon goal in the construction field, and the effective utilization of BIPV is an important measure to achieve near zero carbon buildings.
1、 The concept of zero carbon architecture
Under the dual constraints of "energy and carbon emissions", China has promoted low-carbon transformation in the construction industry. Based on zero energy consumption buildings and combined with the entire life cycle of buildings, it has proposed near zero carbon buildings and zero carbon buildings.
Zero carbon architecture not only considers the carbon emissions during the operation phase of the building, but also comprehensively considers the implicit carbon emissions during the construction process, with the goal of achieving zero carbon emissions throughout the entire life cycle of the building.
Zero carbon building
Zero carbon buildings refer to buildings that fully utilize energy-saving measures and renewable energy to achieve an annual carbon dioxide reduction of renewable energy greater than or equal to the total carbon dioxide emissions of the building throughout the year.
In addition to using passive energy-saving technologies such as efficient insulation and efficient energy-saving windows in passive building design, it mainly improves the efficiency of energy equipment and systems through active technical measures, introduces more intelligent control technologies, and fully utilizes renewable energy, such as photovoltaic.
At the same time, we focus on achieving the recycling of materials and products, effectively reducing carbon emissions throughout the entire life cycle of buildings.
2、 Zero carbon building technology path
Zero carbon architecture combines active building concepts with passive design concepts to minimize the building's dependence on energy and keep the carbon emissions from the building at a lower level.
1. Active Architectural Design
(1) Solar energy (7.000, -0.08, -1.13%) system
The utilization of solar energy systems in buildings mainly comes in two forms: additional photovoltaic systems (BAPV) and photovoltaic integrated buildings (BIPV).
BAPV is the earliest and most commonly used form, which is similar to the common installation form of building structures, mainly rooftop photovoltaic power plants;
BIPV integrates photovoltaic building materials with buildings, directly replacing the original building structure. The photovoltaic technology used in BIPV can be mainly divided into crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules and thin film photovoltaic modules. Crystalline silicon modules are the mainstream products in the current market, with high unit installed power and conversion efficiency of 16% to 22%. Under the same installed area, the power generation is better than thin film modules.
Relying on four national R&D platforms, including the State Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials and Technology, Yingli Jiasheng innovated the crystalline silicon process, solved the problem of single crystalline silicon color through optical nano coating technology, and the characteristics of customized appearance, no hot spots, and high transmittance made the application of photovoltaic in buildings more diversified.
Crystal Silicon Photovoltaic Building Materials "Glass · Colorful" Series
(2) Tunnel Wind Technology
By utilizing the characteristics of soil being cold in summer and hot in winter to provide heating (cooling) energy for buildings, the size, length, burial depth, and spacing of pipelines are determined through calculation of pipeline cooling capacity during the design phase. By utilizing underground air technology, the air conditioning start-up time can be effectively shortened, greatly reducing the energy consumption of buildings.
Tunnel Wind Technology
(3) Geothermal heat pump technology
Geothermal heat pump refers to all heat pumps that use the earth as a cold and heat source, all of which are called geothermal heat pump. It is a heating and air-conditioning system that uses the shallow geothermal resources on the earth's surface as a cold and heat source for energy conversion. It is an efficient, energy-saving and environmental friendly air-conditioning system that can provide both heat and cooling.
By inputting a small amount of electric energy, more energy can be transferred from low temperature heat source to high temperature heat source. Using geothermal heat pump technology for refrigeration can reduce energy consumption by more than 20% compared with traditional central air-conditioning technology, which is a clean and efficient form of energy utilization.
Geothermal heat pump technology geothermal heat pump technology
2. Passive architectural design
Guided by climate characteristics, energy is collected and stored through the building itself (rather than using energy-consuming mechanical equipment) to form a self circulating system with the surrounding environment.
This can fully utilize natural resources and achieve energy conservation. In cold regions, insulation and solar energy are the main measures in winter, while insulation and shading are also considered in summer.
Passive architectural design
3、 Policies on zero carbon buildings in various regions
1. Fujian Province
Implementation Plan for Carbon Peak in the Field of Urban and Rural Construction in Fujian Province
The Fujian Provincial Department of Housing and Urban Rural Development and the Fujian Provincial Development and Reform Commission have issued the "Implementation Plan for Carbon Peak in the Field of Urban and Rural Construction in Fujian Province" (hereinafter referred to as the "Plan"), which clearly proposes to vigorously promote ultra-low energy and near zero energy consumption buildings and develop zero carbon buildings.
Promote the application of integrated photovoltaic building systems (BIPV) such as rooftop photovoltaics and power generation glass, and carry out pilot projects for the integration of "light storage, direct flexibility". By 2025, we aim to achieve a 50% photovoltaic coverage rate on the roofs of newly built public institutions and factories.
2. Jiangsu Province
Implementation Plan for Financial Support of Jiangsu Province to Achieve Carbon Peak carbon neutrality
The Department of Finance of Jiangsu Province issued the Implementation Plan for Financial Support of Jiangsu Province to Achieve Carbon Peak carbon neutrality (hereinafter referred to as the Plan), in which it is clearly proposed to support carbon peak in urban and rural construction, and vigorously promote high-quality green buildings, ultra-low energy consumption buildings, near zero energy consumption buildings, new building industrialization, and the development of renewable energy buildings.
Support carbon peaking in the energy sector. Support eligible major scientific and technological innovation and industrialization projects such as photovoltaic, wind power, hydrogen energy, biomass power generation, and energy storage.
3. Shandong Province
Outline of Building a Strong Quality Province in Shandong Province
The Shandong Provincial Party Committee and the Shandong Provincial People's Government printed and distributed the Outline for the Construction of Shandong Province with Strong Quality, which proposed to actively develop BIM design, intelligent construction, intelligent operation and maintenance, vigorously promote the application of green building materials, develop prefabricated building and green buildings, and accelerate the research, development and application of green buildings and building energy-saving commonalities and key technologies.
4. Zhejiang Province
Pan'an County Ecological Civilization Construction Plan (2021-2030)
The Office of the People's Government of Pan'an County, Jinhua City, Zhejiang Province issued a notice on the issuance of the "Pan'an County Ecological Civilization Construction Plan (2021-2030)", which pointed out the promotion of low-carbon development in the construction field. Promote the integrated application of photovoltaic buildings and encourage the promotion of distributed photovoltaic power sources in areas such as urban street lighting, urban landscape, communication base stations, and traffic signal lights.
Promote the construction of green buildings, ultra low energy consumption buildings, near zero energy consumption buildings, and prefabricated building, and prefabricated building will account for more than 34% in 2023.
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